Follow these steps to determine the constituents and amount of alkalinity in the supplied water sample:

1. Pipette out 20 mL of the water sample into a clean and dry conical flask.
2. Fill the burette with … N sulphuric acid after rinsing, and note the initial reading by observing the lower meniscus.
3. Add 2–3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator to the water sample in the conical flask and shake well before titrating with … N H₂SO₄.
4. At the end point pink color disappears (Fig. 1), note the reading of burette as final reading for P-alkalinity.
5. To the same solution (solution of step 4) add 2-3 drops of methyl orange indicator and shake well before titration. Now titrate this solution against the ….N H2SO4 and the titration is continued until the color of the solution becomes orange (Fig. 1). The burette reading at this point is noted as final reading for M-alkalinity.
6. The titration is repeated for concordant value.

Slide-1 Procedure

1. Add few drops of phenolphthalein into sample water.
2. The colour changes to pink.

Slide-2 Procedure

1. Set the normality of titrate(Sulphuric Acid) and volume of titrant(Sample water solution) according to you, click start button.
2. Fix the nozzle opening size by nozzle open slider.Shake the flask while Titrating.
3. Titrate the solution till it turn to transparent.

Slide-3 Procedure

1. Add few drops of Methyl Orange into sample water.
2. The colour changes to yellow.

Slide-4 Procedure

1. Click start button.
2. Fix the nozzle opening size by nozzle open slider.Shake the flask while Titrating.
3. Titrate the solution till it turn to orange-red.

Safety Precautions

1. Clamp the burette perfectly in the vertically, so that it is easy to read the scale properly.
2. Before use rinse the burette thoroughly, while filling the burette no air bubble should be present in the burette and dispense off working solution from the burette.
3. Remove funnel after filling burette up to mark zero. Read the lower meniscus of the burette.
4. Add same number of drops (vol.) of indicator in each titration.
5. To get better visibility of color change at the end point use filter paper below the conical flask.
6. During titration conical flask should be stirred continuously and correctly observe the end point.