Chemical Sciences Engineering Chemistry Lab Experiments

Determination of temporary and permanent hardness of water

  1. Bureau of Indian Standards, "IS 3025 (Part 32): 1988 – Methods of Sampling and Test (Physical and Chemical) for Water and Wastewater – Chloride", First Revision.
  2. Bureau of Indian Standards, "IS 10500: 2012 – Drinking Water – Specification", Second Revision.
  3. American Public Health Association, "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater," 20th ed., Washington, D.C.: APHA, 1998.
  4. C. N. Sawyer, P. L. McCarty, and G. F. Parkin, "Chemistry for Environmental Engineering," 4th ed., New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000.