Follow these steps to determine the removal of hardness of water using an ion exchange column:

1. Ion Exchange Column:
   Pass the water sample through the ion exchange column containing cation exchange resin, discard the first few milliliters of water, then collect the water sample

2. Standardization of EDTA solution:
   (i) In a clean and dry conical flask, pipette out 20 ml of standard hard water solution.
   (ii) To this Add 5 ml of ammonia buffer solution, then add 2–3 drops of EBT indicator. The blue color of EBT will change to wine-red.
   (iii) Fill the burette with EDTA solution after rinsing. Note the initial burette reading. Titrate the solution in the conical flask until the wine-red color changes to blue and record the final burette reading.

3. Determination of Total Hardness:
   Repeat the above method for hard water sample before and after passing through the column and note the initial and final burette readings.

Slide-1 Procedure

1. Add few drops of Erichrome Black T indicator to conical flask.
2. The colour of solution turns wine red.

Slide-2 Procedure

1. Set the normality of titrate(EDTA solution) and volume of titrant(Sample water solution) according to you, click start button.
2. Fix the nozzle opening size by the nozzle open slider and shake it
3. Titrate it till the colour changes to peacock blue

Slide-3 Procedure

1. Set the normality of titrate(EDTA solution) and volume of titrant(Sample water solution after ion exchange) according to you, click start button.
2. Fix the nozzle opening size by the nozzle open slider and shake it
3. Titrate it till the colour changes to peacock blue

Safety Precautions

1. Clamp the burette perfect vertically, so that it is easy to read the scale properly.

2. Before use rinse the burette thoroughly, while filling the burette no air bubble should be present in the burette and dispense off working solution from the burette.

3. Remove funnel after filling burette upto mark zero. Read the lower meniscus of the burette.

4. Add basic buffer (NH4Cl + NH4OH) to maintain the pH =10 during titration. Add ammonia buffer just before starting the titration if you add long before the titration pH of the solution may vary due to evolution of NH3(g) from the solution.

5. Add same number of drops (vol.) of indicator in each titration.

6. To get better visibility of color change at the end point use filter paper below the conical flask.

7. During titration conical flask should be stirred continuously and correctly observe the end point.